PUC 1st Year Sem-2 Chemistry Syllabus - Course Learning Objectives:
To know the fundamentals terms in thermodynamics and thermodynamic laws.
To analyze the factors effecting position of equilibrium.
To know the classification of acids and bases, buffers and solubility of sparingly soluble
Salts.
To understand the nomenclature, isomerism, types of organic reactions.
To know the preparation and properties of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.
To know the preparation and properties of benzene and aromatic compounds.
PUC 1st Year Sem-2 Chemistry Syllabus
Course Content:
UNIT-I: Thermodynamics
(12 Hours)
Introduction to thermodynamics, Energy and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, First law of thermodynamics, Enthalpy, enthalpies of reaction, Heat capacity and specific heat. Hess‟s law – calculation of enthalpies of reaction using enthalpies, Spontaneous process, Entropy and Second law of thermodynamics, Gibbs free energy and equilibrium constant.
PUC 1st Year Sem-2 Chemistry Syllabus
UNIT-II: Chemical Equilibrium (06 Hours)
Concept of Equilibrium, Law of mass action, equilibrium constant-its characteristics, calculating equilibrium constants. Applications of equilibrium constant (Kc), predicting the direction of reaction (Kc Vs Q). Le Chatelier‟s principle-its industrial applications in the synthesis of ammonia by Haber‟s process and sulfur trioxide by contact
PUC 1st Year Sem-2 Chemistry Syllabus
UNIT-III: Acids and Bases (10 Hours)
Theories of Acids & bases- Arrhenius theory, Bronsted-Lowry theory, Conjugate acid-base concept, Lewis concept. Ionic equilibrium- ionic product of water, concept of pH, salt hydrolysis (concept and equation only), buffer solutions-definition, action of buffer, pH of buffer solutions (using Henderson equation), solubility product, common ion effect - its applications.
PUC 1st Year Sem-2 Chemistry Syllabus
UNIT-IV: Introduction to Organic Chemistry (10 Hours)
Introduction to Organic chemistry, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. Isomerism in organic compounds (structural and stereoisomerism), fission of covalent bond, Types of reagents and organic reactions (addition, substitution, elimination and rearrangement reactions), electronic displacements in covalent bonds-inductive effect, electromeric effect, mesomeric or resonance effect and Hyperconjugation.
PUC 1st Year Sem-2 Chemistry Syllabus
UNIT-V: Chemistry of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes (12 Hours)
Alkanes - Nomenclature, preparation of alkanes from alkenes, Wurtz reaction, Clemmenson reduction, Kolbe reaction, from Grignard reagent. Physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.
Alkenes - Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, methods of preparation (from alkynes, alkylhalides, vicinal dihalides and alcohols). Physical properties, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikov's addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.
Alkynes - Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), methods of preparation (from geminal and vicinal dihalides), physical properties, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.
PUC 1st Year Sem-2 Chemistry Syllabus
UNIT-VI: Benzene and Aromatic hydrocarbons (08 Hours)
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Introduction, structure of benzene, Huckel‟s rule, and preparation methods of benzene. Chemical properties: general mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft's alkylation and acylation, reactivity and directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene.
PUC 1st Year Sem-2 Chemistry Syllabus
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